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干剪辑这行快30 年了,每部电影也有文字小结,但那从来都是留给自己看的。这些年,剪辑这行爹不亲,娘不爱,所以自己一直埋头干活。剪辑是一项非常孤独但又充满疯狂的工作,因为得不停地在否定与肯定中来回做出选择,情感不断从一个极端走向另一个极端, 不疯狂就有可能被情节、结构、时空关系变化逼成精神崩溃! 多么残酷的“职业”, 谁说它容易?没有坚强的神经与定力, 干不好这行。

一部影片叙事风格的产生(除非有特别象征性的、特另类的),都应该是在剪辑台上最后确定的。剪辑是在流动的影像中重新建立一套有别于物理现实的时空关系,让节奏来控制它们,让观众相信新构成的宇宙关系是真实的。当我们面对手中的时间、空间, 充满各种人物因果关系的素材时,怎样把它们消化后 ( 不是所有情况) 制造出一个新的时空排列和新的人物关系,并使情节产生变异,具有延展性,这是剪辑的核心。而支撑该核心的是三个不可分的元素:(1)叙事方式与非线性;(2)时空关系的心理自由度;(3)节奏的生命力。这三者不是截然分立的元素,而是互相影响,共同作用在电影这个单一世界里,从而构成一个个流动着的生动勃发的情感生命体。

一、叙事方式与非线性

1.确定叙事方式

剪辑前要有一些准备过程,包括对剧本的认知,对剧本提供的人物关系及情节设置,整体时空关系组成的点与面的分析,以及对构成影片的一些影像素材的“阅读”(看一些在体裁、风格上与要剪辑影片有关的其他影片)。我在剪辑片子时,看素材是最重要的环节,许多时候,花在看素材上的时间比剪片子还久。因为在看素材时,我要对自己看到的东西在脑子里整合,对于几个选择,我需要很快判断,以进行取舍,毕竟方法的不同产生的效果也很不一样,有时会差之千里。

熟悉素材之后最重要的就是确定符合这部影片叙事风格的叙事方式,确定好其叙事结构,所以第一剪就是搭架子。这时我对未来的影片在叙事构成上会有一个基本的判断,知道什么戏在什么位置会发挥它的最大作用。有时剪辑在定叙事风格时,剧本有些戏的结构与时空关系、人物性格发生了矛盾,就必须把它挪到其他合适的地方。根据叙事过程的需要,或以人物的内心为主,或以事件外部情节为主进行剪辑。

2.非线性剪辑思维

剪辑确定叙事方式,其中非线性的剪辑思维在现在的视听语言中发挥着越来越重要的作用。这里的非线性不是指数字剪辑的非线性编辑,是指剪辑的依据不是靠简单的因果逻辑的线形关系来剪辑的,而是依据人物的心理变化来剪辑镜头,因为人物的心理变化有时是跳跃的、片段的、突然的,没有因果,有时是情绪契合,有时却不明所以……这种剪辑跳出了简单的事件因果逻辑,所以被称为非线性的剪辑思维。目

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