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提要

现实生活与艺术创作之间的关系是萦绕电影编剧孙谦的核心命题,他一直没有停止过对这个问题的反思,每一次反思都会影响他的创作。孙谦的编剧人生,是一个探究现实生活本质、寻求艺术创作真谛的过程,也是一部从20 世纪50 年代初到80 年代末的中国电影史。


作者

丁宁 北京电影学院2006 级电影历史与理论方向博士研究生。


毛主席的《讲话》是我走上文学、戏剧、电影创作道路的真正引路人,尽管我在创作上没有什么成就,又走过弯路、犯过错误,但在关键时刻,仍是毛主席的《讲话》精神拉着我回到正确的道路上来的。1

——孙谦

孙谦,原名孙怀谦,曾用笔名有孙千、颂迁等,1920 4 4 日出生于山西省文水县南安村, 2 由于幼时家贫,只读了4 年的初级小学,“战战兢兢地依靠着少数田地维持生活的艰难困苦。这样的生活,就很自然地使他一直对于贫苦的农民充满了同情和热爱”。3 延安是孙谦艺术创作生涯的起点。1940 秋,孙谦到延安鲁迅艺术学院附设的部队艺术干部训练班学习。此年夏天,部队艺术学校成立文学队,孙谦被分到了较“高层次”的实习班,听了黄照、陶然、陈寒梅(陆地)、叶克、周立波、何其芳、天兰、张庚、姚时晓等文学、导演、剧作方面的课程。1942 年夏天,毛泽东的《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》尚未公开发表,曾经参加过座谈会的副校长王震之便在全校师生大会上作了“主要精神”的传达。孙谦较早接触了《讲话》精神,但“那时我对《讲话》理解得不深不透,只记住了要改造世界观,要到‘大鲁艺’去”。4不久,孙谦被调到了一二○师的战斗剧社。1942 年冬,因精兵简政开始,孙谦返回晋西北抗日根据地,加入了亚马领导的晋西北抗联文化部,又认真学习了《讲话》。孙谦一直强调:“毛主席的《讲话》是我走上文学、戏剧、电影创作道路的真正引路人。”5

1947 年,作为党的文艺工作者,孙谦接受组织的安排,要去东北电影制片厂学习,要用这种最现代化、最大众化的艺术为工农兵服务,为解放和建设新中国服务。孙谦对开始接触电影时的那段经历记忆深刻:

1947 年,我正在原平县搞土改,一个命令:调西北电影队到东北电影厂当编剧——让一个只看过两次露天电影的人去当电影编剧,除了好奇之外,能谈到什么爱好和自愿吗?那时候,既没有电影学院,也没有电影书报,甚至连本指点门牌号数的小册子都找不到。编剧位坐上了,怎么办?看电影。幸亏影片库里有日本人留下的伪满片、日本片、德国片(后来还有些苏联原版片和上海的进步影片)。那真叫“天天看、月月看”!看了电影就编电影,编下电影不能用,就下乡、上前线,到还冒着硝烟的工厂去体验生活;回到电影厂,又是看电影、编电影——就像是切了头的苍蝇,乱碰乱撞! 6

经过不断学习、摸索、试写和参加了一系列实际斗争(围攻长春,组织民工队伍,

…………

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