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提要

继《站台》、《青红》、《爱情的牙齿》之后,《立春》是又一部以20 世纪八九十年代为背景的怀旧电影。它开创性地塑造了中国内地小城市怀抱理想主义的“文艺青年”形象,勾起很多人对青春时光的追忆。但影片在叙事技巧层面的硬伤导致观赏快感极度丧失,立意和结构的左右为难又损伤了影片的艺术完整性。本文旨在对此做出深度分析。

作者

张民 北京电影学院文学系副教授。

一谈起上个世纪80 年代,40 岁左右的人就两眼放光,人老的标志之一是容易怀旧。从“祖国山河一片红”到全民拜金,时代的洪水将“为艺术为爱情”的80 年代迅速淹没,10 年光景成追忆。人老的另一个标志是接掌时代的话语权。用影像书写80 年代,这是件颇有使命感的事儿,想一想都让人心潮澎湃。因此这类怀旧电影,结结实实地揳进当下商业片与写实片的缝隙:贾樟柯的《站台》、王小帅的《青红》、庄宇新的《爱情的牙齿》、娄烨的《颐和园》、唐小白的《动词变位》、张杨的《向日葵》、李少红和曾念平的《我们》……现在又有李樯编剧、顾长卫导演的《立春》。

《立春》勾起了私人记忆

看《立春》之前我满怀期待。从作者访谈和点映后网友的评论得知,这部影片讲述的是20 世纪80 年代到90 年代中国内地小城市几位不甘庸常生活的文艺青年的故事。我也曾经是这样的“文艺青年”,90 年代初生活和工作在一座内地小城市。《立春》的剧情唤起了我的记忆。就像《站台》一样,我把《立春》看成是一部拍给我们这些曾经折腾过的中年人的电影。

像王彩玲一样,那时的我住单位大院内的单身宿舍。单身宿舍在居住区内。居住区有两排平房,住的都是青年夫妻,跟王彩玲的邻居不同的是基本都有小孩,从一两岁到七八岁,热闹得很。只有一对夫妻没有小孩,每天脸色黯淡地过生活,据说一直在寻医,后来领养了一个女孩,就欢天喜地起来。我刚分配到这家单位,就被安排到最靠角落的平房里。里外两间,里间是正房,外间是很久以前的住户搭建的厨房,看上去从来没有修缮过。窗前有一块几平米的荒芜的菜园,屋顶的瓦片缝隙长满荒草,不知怎么搞的,外间的屋顶还有一个破洞,看得见天空。洞下永远有一个破盆子,下雨的时候接雨水,下雪的时候接雪花,晚上我们就往里边撒尿。跟王彩玲不同的是我有一个室友。他是学电子的,管单位的雷达。百无聊赖,就偷偷把工作间的电子管、晶体管揣兜里顺回来,自己做音箱。音箱搞成了,院子里就时常响起崔健、唐朝和黑豹,把好几个住楼的小青年都吸引过来了。这几个小青年是上了年纪的单位职工的孩子。跟王彩玲的小城市像极了,我所在的城市每到春天就刮大风。单位在南城荒郊里,我经常骑着辆二八的破自行车,顶着风穿越城市,到位于北城的图书馆借书看杂志。北城是“文化区”,有两所大学和几所中专学校,其中一所是师范学校。我的两位初中同学曾在这所师范学校读书,其中一位酷爱写诗。那时候流行写信。从高中到大学,我俩一直书信往来,信里除了讲几句“我最近生活怎样怎样了”跟对方分享外

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